- Present perfect is formed by combining have/has with the main verb’s past participle form:I have arrived.
- A Negation is produced by inserting not after have/has:
I have not arrived. - Questions in present perfect are formulated by starting a sentence with have/has:
Has she arrived?
B: SUBJECT +HAVE/HAS + VERB III + . . . .
FOR EXAMPLES:
(+) S + Have/Has + Been + . . .
you have been here this week.
(-) S + Have/Has + Not + Been +. . . .
you have not been here this week.
(?) Have/Has + S + Been + . . . .
have you been here this week?
(+) S + have/has + verb III +. . .
Dani has brought the book
(-) S + have/has + not + verb III +. . .
Dani has not brought the book
(?) Have/has + S + verb III +. . .
Has Dani brought the book?
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
We use the Future Perfect tense to talk about actions that will be finished before some point in the future. We also use this tense to express situations that will last for a specified period of time at a definite moment in the future. The last use is to express certainty that an action was completed.
1) Completion before a specified point in the future
The first use of this tense is to talk about future actions that will be finished before some specified point in the future. Examples:
Before they come, we will have cleaned up the house.
John will have eaten the whole cake, by the time the birthday party starts!
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
We use the Future Perfect tense to talk about actions that will be finished before some point in the future. We also use this tense to express situations that will last for a specified period of time at a definite moment in the future. The last use is to express certainty that an action was completed.
1) Completion before a specified point in the future
The first use of this tense is to talk about future actions that will be finished before some specified point in the future. Examples:
Before they come, we will have cleaned up the house.
John will have eaten the whole cake, by the time the birthday party starts!
2) Duration in the Future
Another use of this tense is to talk about actions will last after a given point in the future. Examples:
By the next year, I will have known Monica for 30 years.
Patrick will have lived in Hong Kong for 20 years by 2012.
Another use of this tense is to talk about actions will last after a given point in the future. Examples:
By the next year, I will have known Monica for 30 years.
Patrick will have lived in Hong Kong for 20 years by 2012.
Time expressions that are commonly used with the Future Perfect:
- By
- By the time
- Before
- By tomorrow/7 o'clock/next month
- Until/till
The last use is to express conviction that something happened in the near past. Examples:
The train will have left by now. We have to look for another way to get there.
(I'm sure the train has left)
Contracted forms
The guests will have arrived at the hotel by now.
(I'm sure the guests have arrived at the hotel)
Contracted forms
WILL = 'LL
Example: She'll have finished = she will have finished
WILL + NOT = WON'T
Example: She won't have finished = she will not have finished
Example: She'll have finished = she will have finished
WILL + NOT = WON'T
Example: She won't have finished = she will not have finished
Important
The Future Perfect appears in two forms: "will" form and "going to" form which can be used interchangably. Example:
"She will have finished" means "she is going to have finished"
The Future Perfect appears in two forms: "will" form and "going to" form which can be used interchangably. Example:
"She will have finished" means "she is going to have finished"
EXAMPLES:
(+) S + WILL + HAVE + VERB III + . . . .
I will have retired by the end of this year
(-) S + WILL + NOT + HAVE + VERB III +. . . .
My uncle won't have retired by the end of the year.
(?) WILL + S + HAVE + VERB III + . . .
Will I have retired by the end of the year?
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